There is no reasoning, no process of inference or comparison; there is no thinking about things, no putting two and two together; there are no ideas - the animal does not think of the box or of the food or of the act he is to perform.
The restriction of studies of human intellect and character to studies of conscious states was not without influence on a scientific studies of animal psychology.
The real difference between a man's scientific judgments about himself and the judgment of others about him is he has added sources of knowledge.
So the animal finally performs in that situation only the fitting act.
Dogs get lost hundreds of times and no one ever notices it or sends an account of it to a scientific magazine.
The function of intellect is to provide a means of modifying our reactions to the circumstances of life, so that we may secure pleasure, the symptom of welfare.
